Ebook Download Addendum University Edition 2 (960 Pages). Sumerian-English Dictionary: Vocabulary And History (Comparative Lexicon of Sumerian, Akkadian,

Ebook Download Addendum University Edition 2 (960 Pages). Sumerian-English Dictionary: Vocabulary And History (Comparative Lexicon of Sumerian, Akkadian,

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Addendum University Edition 2 (960 Pages). Sumerian-English Dictionary: Vocabulary And History (Comparative Lexicon of Sumerian, Akkadian,

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Paperback lulu.com/shop/maximillien-de-lafayette/part-2-the-mammoth-dictionary-of-960-pages-sumerian-english-dictionary-vocabulary-history/paperback/product-20661272.html Part 2. A massive dictionary in 2 volumes of 960 pages, published in 4 volumes by Times Square Press. De Lafayette Sumerian-English Dictionary is a major & unprecedented accomplishment in the fields of linguistics & comparative study of ancient languages and civilizations; it is a Comparative Lexicon of Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyrian, Babylonian, Chaldean, Phoenician, Ugaritic, Hittite, Aramaic, Syriac, Hebrew, Arabic. It is unique because it does not only translate & define Sumerian words but also tells us how and where from,  Sumerian words originated & their derivations and refers us to similar words  found in languages of the ancient world. Author's website: maximilliendelafayettebibliography.com

Here are samples of how the dictionary lists and defines Sumerian words and references made to other ancient languages:

* Habiru, "Eberu", "Ebara", "Apiru", "Habiri": Noun.
* Akkadian/Assyrian/Proto Hebrew/Sumerian/
* Akkadian/Phoenician 
* Name of the early Jews/Hebrews.
* Derived from the Akkadian Ebara, usually referring to the early Hebrews who crossed Sinai.
* Habiru means those who traversed or crossed a land or a river. 'Aber in Arabic means the person who crossed or traveled a land.
* The Assyrian verb is Ebro, meaning to cross;  a contemporary Assyrian Western dialect.
* Ebara in contemporary Assyrian Eastern dialect.
* Eberu in Akkadian.
* Abra in Arabic.
* The verb is Eberu in Akkadian/Assyrian.
* a- To cross over.
* b- To traverse.
* Ebara in contemporary Assyrian Eastern dialect.
* Ebro in contemporary Assyrian Western dialect.
* 'Aber in Arabic means the person who crossed or traveled a land.
* 'Aabiroun in plural.



* Ama: Noun. Mother.
* Ima in Hebrew.
* Ama in ancient Syriac.
* Ummum in Akkadian.
* Oum in literary/written Arabic, Mama in spoken Arabic.
* Anna in Hittite.





* Bit: Sumerian/Assyrian. Noun. A house.
* Beit in Hebrew.
* Beyt, Bayt and Beit in Arabic.
* Bet, Bayto and Bayta in ancient Aramaic.
* Bitu in ancient Akkadian.



* Shamash: Noun. Sumerian/Assyrian/Akkadian.
* In the Sumerian mythology, he is associated with god Utu. (d ama, in Akkadian) Shamash is the sun god, and the son of Sin and Ningal, created by the Anunnaki.
* In Akkadian and Sumerian, Shamash means the sun.
* From Shamash, derived the:
* a- Arabic word Shams "Chams", which means the sun.
* b- Hebrew word Shemesh, which means the sun. The Hebraic city of Beit Shemesh (Beit means house, but here, it means temple. Shemesh means sun) was named after the Canaanite sun goddess Shemesh.
* c- Aramaic word sheh'-mesh, which also means sun.
* d- Phoenician and Ugaritic words Shem and Shema, which mean  sun and are used as a symbol for the heavens.
* Etymologically, all these words derived from the Ana'kh word Shama, which means either the sun or the heavens (Sky). In the Akkadian/Sumerian clay tablets, Shamash is depicted as "the supreme judge of heaven and earth", and "the lord of all living creatures."



In addition, the dictionary tells us how words were used, who used them & where did they appear in epics &  tablets.


* Gabsu "Gabsa": Adverb. Adjective. Sumerian/Assyrian
* Meaning: Mighty, Large, Strong.
* "Edu gabshu sha mahiira la ishu." Annals of Sardanapalus. "Mighty leader, who has no competitor."
*"Kizir shuunu gabsha lu piriisha." From the Annals of Tiglath Pileser. "I broke through their large body."


* Habal: Noun Sumerian/Akkadian. Corruption
* "Shuteshur la liihi la habaal." Sargina, Khorsabad. "To govern without violence, without corruption."

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From the Inside Flap
Examples of some rich comparative definitions from the book:


Abgal: Noun.


·Aman of wisdom.
·Asage in the service of a ruler.
Composed of two words: 


·Abor Aba (Father)
·Gal(A man who has acquired knowledge and wisdom.)
 
From Ab, derived the:


·HebrewAbba
·ArabicAb and Abu
·Syriac Aba
·Lebanese-ArabicAb
·AramaicAbba
·SumerianAbi and Abu
·ChaldeanAbba
·Anglo-SaxonAbbot
·FrenchAbbé and Papa
·AncientEnglish Abbad
·ModernGreek Baba (papas)
·ItalianAbbate
 ·         Hammurabi said: "Abim pi alidi-ya." (Of my fatherwho begat me.)  
In its primitive form, Abgal meant:


·Leader.
·Fatherof the people.
·Ruler.
·Chief.
 
In ancient Sumer, it was used as a title ofreverence and respect. 
This ancient Sumerian title gave birth to the modern meaningof the word "Reverend" (Respected or respectable), usually used uponaddressing a pastor. 
The Arabs in the Middle and Near East regions call a priest or a pastor either Ab, Abouna orMouhtaram. 
The word Mouhtaram means respected, reverend. 
The Copts (Christian Egyptians) and Ethiopians use the wordAbouna or Abunna (Our father, referring to a priest.) 
From Gal, derived the Arabic adjective Ghali which means:


·Expensive.
·Important.
·Dearto loved ones.
 
Abgal, originally derived from the Anak'h Ab (leader; father)and Gh'al (From above or from heaven.)
 
***   *** ***
 
 
Anunnaki: Sumerian/Akkadian. Noun. The word Anunnaki is composed of three words or more,depending on the choice of linguists: 
 


·1-Anu, which is the name of the Anunnaki's supreme god. And the epistemologicalmeaning of Anu is: Lord; leader; king.
·2-Na, is either a verb or an adverb, meaning to send.  In many Akkadian,Sumerian, Assyrian and Old Babylonian texts and inscriptions, "Na"was written as "Ina", and meant in, from within, so on.
·3-Ki, generally means Earth in Akkadian and Sumerian. But Ki also means, inAkkadian and Sumerian:
·a-Theunderworld,
·b-The netherworld,
·c-The world of death.
·Thesethree words were commonly referred to as KURNUGI (Kurnu-Ki), meaning hell andthe land of no return.
 
 
The Akkadian/Sumerian Anunnaki word is used in a plural formto represent the gods of heaven and Earth, known as ANUNA, and are representedas a amê u erSetim, meaning of heaven and earth.


· aamê means heaven or sky in Akkadian and Sumerian.
·Shemand shama in Phoenician,
·Samain Arabic.
 
ErSetim means earth. 
Thus, the Anunnaki and Igigi are groupedtogether under Anunna.
Later on in history, and in order to differentiate betweenthe Anunnaki and the Igigi;


·Thescribes called the Anunnaki, the gods of Earth, also gods of the netherworld,and  gods of the Empire of Death;
·Thescribes called the Igigi, gods of the Heaven.
 
This differentiation is very clear in all the Mesopotamianclay tablets, particularly in the Ishtar Descent to the Underworld (Ki), thepoem/myth of Gilgamesh, the Enuma Elish, etc...
 
 
Other names of the Anunnaki:
The Anunnaki were known to many neighboring countries in theNear East, Middle East, and Anatolia. 
And because of the languages' differences, the Anunnaki werecalled differently. 
 


·1-The Habiru (Early Hebrews/Israelites)called them Anakim and Nephilim, meaning to fall down to earth.
·2-Some passages in the Old Testamentrefer to them as Elohim.
·3-In Ashuric (Assyrian-Chaldean), andSyriac-Aramaic, they are called Jabaariyn, meaning the mighty ones.
·4-In Aramaic, Chaldean and Hebrew, theAnunnaki as Gibborim mean the mighty or majestic ones.
·5-In literary Arabic, it is Jababira. Theearly Arabs called them Al Jababira; sometimes Amalika.
·6-The Egyptians called them Neteru.
·7-The early Phoenicians called them An.NaKim, meaning the god or heaven who sent them to us.
·8-The early inhabitants of Arwad calledthen Anu.ki, meaning the subjects or followers of Anu. Sometimes, they werecalled Anu. Ki.ram. (Ram means people,  persons, community, tribes, group)
·9-The early Hyksos (Ancestors of theArmenians) who invaded and ruled Egypt, called them the Anuramkir andAnuramkim, meaning the people of Anu on earth. It is composed of three words:Anu + ram (People) + Ki (Earth). The primitive form of Ki was kir or kiim.
·10-The Greeks called them the Annodoti.
·11- In the Book of Enoch, they are calledThe Nephilim, "The Sons of God," or the "Watchers".
·

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Addendum University Edition 2 (960 Pages). Sumerian-English Dictionary: Vocabulary And History (Comparative Lexicon of Sumerian, Akkadian, PDF

Addendum University Edition 2 (960 Pages). Sumerian-English Dictionary: Vocabulary And History (Comparative Lexicon of Sumerian, Akkadian, PDF

Addendum University Edition 2 (960 Pages). Sumerian-English Dictionary: Vocabulary And History (Comparative Lexicon of Sumerian, Akkadian, PDF

Addendum University Edition 2 (960 Pages). Sumerian-English Dictionary: Vocabulary And History (Comparative Lexicon of Sumerian, Akkadian, PDF